English · English

by

/baɪ/ adjective A1 (estimated)

1. until, by, through

German	bis
French	d'ici, jusqu’à
Portuguese	até
Czech	do
Italian	fino a
Spanish	hasta, hasta que, el para
Dutch	tot, tot en met
Swedish	till, tills
Latin	donec, usque ad

2. by

German	indem
French	en
Portuguese	por, a
Czech	prostřednictvím, pomocí
Italian	il tramite, nel, siccome
Spanish	al
Dutch	op
Swedish	genom att, genom att
Latin	per, ab

3. telephonic, by

German	telefonisch
French	téléphonique
Czech	telefonický
Italian	telefonico
Spanish	telefónicamente

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English · English

by

/baɪ/ adverb A1 (estimated)

1. along a path

German	entlang, längs
Portuguese	por mim
Spanish	por
Dutch	langs
Swedish	bi

2. by, from

German	von
French	en
Portuguese	de
Czech	od
Italian	la di, da
Spanish	la de, desde, por parte de
Dutch	van
Swedish	från, ett ur
Latin	a, ex, ab

3. by, now, time, point

French	désormais
Portuguese	agora, já
Italian	ormai
Spanish	ahora

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English · English

by

/baɪ/ preposition A1 (estimated)

1. near, or next to

German	bei, um, neben
French	au bord de, lès, à côté de
Portuguese	próximo, perto
Czech	o, po, u
Italian	accanto, in
Spanish	por, cerca de
Dutch	bij, via
Swedish	vid, intill, med
Latin	apud, ad, cata

2. not later than

German	bis
French	avant
Portuguese	até
Czech	do
Italian	entro
Spanish	para
Dutch	tegen
Swedish	innan

3. indicates the agent of a passive verb

German	durch, von
French	par
Portuguese	por
Italian	da
Spanish	por, ante, frente a
Dutch	door
Swedish	av, genom
Latin	ab

4. indicates creator of a work

German	von
French	par, de
Portuguese	de, por
Czech	od
Italian	di, da
Spanish	por
Dutch	door, vanwege
Swedish	av
Latin	ab

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